Waveforms: what are you looking at?

 
Arterial Blood Pressure waveform: 
 
 
Area under the Curve = Stroke Volume  
(Note: Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart rate (measured in litres/minute).

 
CVP = Central Venous Pressure (Right Atrial Pressure) Waveform: 

 


 
PA Pressure waveforms: 
 
Normal pressure waveform: 
 
 
 
Floating a Swan-Ganz Catheter and the PCWP (‘wedge pressure’) waveform: